exploratory spatial data analysis

Convergence clubs and spatial structural change in the European Union

Our results highlight the joint importance of structural change and spatial dependence in the formation of convergence clubs. Specifically, the notion of spatial structural change deserves further attention, as it appears to play a major role in the evolution of regional disparities in the European Union.

Regional income convergence and conditioning factors in Turkey: Revisiting the role of spatial dependence and neighbor effects

Spatial dependence across provinces plays an important role in the formation of convergence clubs. The performance of geographical neighbors affects the probability of club membership through spillovers in capital accumulation and structural change.